Proportional representation is an electoral system where parties gain seats in the legislature based on the percentage of votes they receive. Unlike winner-takes-all systems, this method ensures a more equitable distribution of representation, reflecting a diverse range of political views. Voters typically cast their votes for parties rather than individual candidates, and seats are allocated using mathematical formulas. This system encourages multiparty systems and can lead to coalition governments, enabling smaller parties to have a voice in governance and contributing to a more inclusive democratic process.