Polarization negatively affects legislative effectiveness by creating deep divides within parties and among members of Congress. When political views become sharply divided, bipartisan collaboration diminishes, making it increasingly challenging to pass legislation. This gridlock can stymie progress on critical issues, as compromise becomes less feasible. Moreover, polarized environments can intensify partisan conflicts, culminating in public disillusionment with the political system. Ultimately, polarization hampers the ability of legislatures to respond to constituents' needs.