Partisanship significantly affects legislative effectiveness, often leading to gridlock and a lack of cooperation between parties. When legislators align strictly with their political party, it can hinder the passage of bipartisan initiatives necessary for addressing pressing issues. This division can result in frequent conflicts, making it difficult to reach consensus on policies like healthcare, immigration, and taxation. Increased partisanship can also foster polarization, where extreme views dominate, pushing moderate legislators out of the dialogue. Ultimately, excessive partisanship undermines the ability of Congress to function effectively and respond to the needs of constituents.