Federalism affects policy implementation by distributing power across various levels of government, which can lead to both collaboration and conflict. In a federal system, national, state, and local governments each have distinct responsibilities, which can promote tailored solutions to local issues. However, this division can also create challenges in synchronizing policies and ensuring consistent standards across jurisdictions. Disparities in resources and capabilities can lead to unequal implementation outcomes, impacting citizens differently. Thus, understanding the complexities of federalism is essential for evaluating how effectively policies address issues at multiple levels of governance.