Citizen engagement significantly affects policy outcomes by influencing decision-makers and holding them accountable. When citizens actively participate through advocacy, public hearings, or direct communication, they can ensure that diverse perspectives shape policy agendas. Increased engagement can lead to more representative policymaking and strengthen democratic accountability. However, disparities in engagement—often influenced by factors like income or education—can result in unequal representation, necessitating efforts to enhance inclusion and accessibility in civic processes.