Various electoral systems can significantly impact voter turnout. Systems that promote proportional representation may encourage higher participation rates as they offer more avenues for diverse political views. In contrast, winner-takes-all or first-past-the-post systems can discourage voters in regions dominated by a single party, leading to lower turnout, especially among marginalized communities. Additionally, the complexity of the voting process, such as requiring registration or involving multiple stages, can also affect turnout. Overall, the design of electoral systems plays a crucial role in shaping citizen engagement in the democratic process.