State and local governments differ in their responsibilities primarily through their scope of authority and functions. State governments typically manage larger issues such as education, transportation, and public safety across broader geographic areas, whereas local governments focus on community-specific matters like waste management, zoning regulations, and local law enforcement. Furthermore, local governments derive their authority from state governments, meaning they must operate within the constraints laid out by state law. This division allows for a more tailored approach to governance, addressing both general and localized needs effectively.