Political theories provide various frameworks to understand the role of the state in society. For instance, liberalism views the state as a facilitator of individual freedoms, while socialism emphasizes state intervention to achieve social equity. The Marxist perspective critiques the state as a tool of class oppression, whereas realism in international relations prioritizes national interest and power. Overall, these theories help us analyze state functions, policy-making processes, and the relationship between government and citizenry, offering insights into societal dynamics.