Political institutions significantly affect governance outcomes by shaping the rules and frameworks within which policies are formulated and implemented. Institutions like legislatures, judiciaries, and bureaucracies establish the processes for decision-making, resource allocation, and accountability. The effectiveness of these institutions influences everything from stability and rule of law to public service delivery. Strong institutions can promote good governance, transparency, and responsiveness, while weak institutions often lead to corruption, inefficiency, and citizen disenfranchisement. Thus, the design and capacity of political institutions are critical for achieving positive governance outcomes.