Memory and history significantly affect national identity by shaping collective narratives and shared experiences. Historical events, such as wars, revolutions, and social movements, contribute to a nation’s cultural memory, influencing how citizens view themselves and their place in the world. These memories can foster a sense of unity or division, depending on how they are interpreted and commemorated. Political leaders often invoke historical memories to rally support or legitimize policies, making the understanding of history crucial in shaping contemporary political identities and fostering national pride or solidarity.