Institutions shape the distribution of power in society by establishing the rules and frameworks within which political, economic, and social interactions occur. They include formal structures like legislatures, courts, and administrative bodies, as well as informal norms and practices. Institutions influence who has access to decision-making processes, resources, and opportunities, ultimately affecting social equity. Strong, inclusive institutions can promote democracy and stability, while weak or exclusionary ones often exacerbate inequality and conflict. Therefore, understanding institutional dynamics is essential for analyzing power relations within any society.