Electoral systems vary significantly across countries, influencing how votes are cast and counted. Common types include first-past-the-post, proportional representation, and mixed systems. For instance, in a first-past-the-post system, the candidate with the most votes wins, often leading to a two-party system and potential voter disenfranchisement. In contrast, proportional representation allows for a broader spectrum of political parties to gain seats based on vote share, fostering greater diversity in representation. Each system shapes political dynamics, party behavior, and voter engagement differently, impacting the overall democratic process.