Electoral systems shape party dynamics by determining how votes translate into seats in a legislature. Different systems, such as first-past-the-post or proportional representation, create distinct competitive environments. For example, winner-takes-all systems often lead to a two-party dynamic, marginalizing smaller parties and fostering strategic voting. In contrast, proportional representation allows multiple parties to gain representation, resulting in a more diverse political landscape. The choice of electoral system not only influences party strategies but also affects voter engagement, policy discourse, and overall representation within the political system.