Economic sanctions function as foreign policy tools employed by governments to influence or coerce other nations. Sanctions can take various forms, such as trade restrictions, asset freezes, or travel bans, targeting specific individuals, entities, or entire countries. Their purpose is often to punish nations for perceived wrongful actions, such as human rights violations or aggression, and to compel compliance with international norms. However, sanctions can also lead to unintended consequences, including humanitarian impacts on civilian populations and potential retaliatory measures from targeted states.