Economic sanctions affect foreign relations by creating tensions between nations. Imposing sanctions can signal disapproval of certain actions, such as human rights violations or aggression, and often lead to diplomatic strain. Targeted countries may retaliate, further worsening relations. Sanctions can also shift alliances, as nations align with or against those enforcing the measures. While intended to compel change, sanctions may also harm civilian populations, complicating the prospect for future diplomatic negotiations and stability.