Electoral systems can greatly encourage or discourage voter turnout based on their design and implementation. Proportional representation systems tend to foster higher participation as they ensure that votes translate into seats, thus making every vote feel significant. Conversely, winner-take-all systems may demotivate voters in non-competitive areas where their preference is unlikely to impact the outcome. Additionally, pragmatic factors, such as accessibility of polling places and voting methods, also influence turnout, requiring careful consideration by those designing electoral processes.