Citizens can hold leaders accountable in a democracy through various mechanisms, such as voting, public forums, and advocacy. Engaging in electoral processes allows individuals to express preferences and outcomes desired from their representatives. Additionally, active participation in civic initiatives and watch groups promotes transparency and accountability by demanding adherence to ethical standards. Mechanisms like freedom of the press and independent judiciary also empower citizens to challenge unjust actions and policies. Ultimately, a robust culture of accountability enhances democratic governance and fosters citizen empowerment.