Members of the U.S. Senate are chosen through direct elections, allowing citizens of each state to vote for their representatives. This practice was established by the 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1913, which replaced the previous system where senators were appointed by state legislatures. Each state elects two senators to serve six-year terms, ensuring a balance between small and large states in the legislative process. This democratic approach enhances accountability, allowing voters to hold their representatives responsible for their actions and decisions in the Senate.