The key players in the Fourteenth Century Renaissance, often referred to as the Trecento, included notable artists, writers, and thinkers primarily from Italy. Prominent figures included the painter Giotto, known for his realistic frescoes; the poet Petrarch, widely regarded as the father of Renaissance humanism; and the architect Filippo Brunelleschi, who innovated techniques in perspective and engineering. These individuals contributed to a profound transformation in art, literature, and philosophy, facilitating a shift from medieval to modern perspectives. Their groundbreaking work laid the foundation for the later Renaissance, influencing European cultural development for centuries.