The radical leader of the Bolsheviks during the 1917 Revolution was Vladimir Lenin. As the founder of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Lenin played a pivotal role in overthrowing the Provisional Government that followed the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II. He advocated for "peace, land, and bread," appealing to war-weary soldiers, peasants seeking land, and workers desiring better conditions. Lenin's leadership and insistence on a disciplined party structure allowed the Bolsheviks to gain power and implement communist ideas. His return to Russia after years of exile was crucial for the success of the Bolshevik Revolution and changed the course of Russian and world history.