The prominent Russian revolutionary known for leading the Bolshevik Revolution was Vladimir Lenin. Lenin played a pivotal role in overthrowing the Provisional Government during the October Revolution of 1917. His leadership and the Bolsheviks' promises of "peace, land, and bread" resonated with a war-weary population disillusioned by ongoing World War I and economic hardship. Lenin’s ideas, rooted in Marxism, transformed Russia into the first socialist state, leading to profound changes in government and society and establishing a foundation for the Soviet Union.