Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, is known for her alleged liaisons with prominent Roman leaders, notably Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Her relationships were both political and romantic, aimed at securing alliances for her kingdom amid Rome’s expanding influence. Cleopatra was a highly educated and astute ruler, fluent in multiple languages and skilled in diplomacy. Despite her efforts to protect Egypt, her ties to Rome ultimately contributed to her downfall, as they led to conflict with Octavian (later Augustus) and the eventual annexation of Egypt into the Roman Empire following her death in 30 BCE.