Mary, Queen of Scots, was the notorious queen executed for plotting against her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I of England. Mary’s claim to the English throne made her a focal point for Catholic supporters who saw her as the rightful monarch. Over time, Mary was captured and held under house arrest for nearly 19 years. Accused of conspiracy in the Babington Plot, which aimed to assassinate Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne, she was tried and executed on February 8, 1587. Her execution deepened the rift between Catholics and Protestants and marked a significant event in the history of both Scotland and England.