The notable figure in the modern history of India for establishing the first democratic government was Jawaharlal Nehru. As a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, he played significant roles in India's struggle for independence from British rule. Nehru became the first Prime Minister of India in 1947, focusing on building a secular, democratic state with a planned economy. His policies laid the foundation for India's modern political and social framework, emphasizing national unity and development, while promoting social justice and educational progress.