The main architect of the New Deal in the United States was Franklin D. Roosevelt, alongside key advisors and cabinet members. Introduced during the Great Depression in the 1930s, the New Deal aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform through a series of programs and policies. These initiatives focused on economic recovery by creating jobs, supporting farmers, and reforming the financial system. The New Deal fundamentally reshaped the role of the federal government in American life and laid the foundation for modern social welfare programs.