The last ruler of the Kingdom of Hawaii was Queen Liliʻuokalani, who reigned from 1891 until the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893. Her reign was marked by efforts to restore the power of the monarchy and to enact a new constitution that would give more rights to Native Hawaiians. However, her attempts faced opposition from a group of American businessmen and sugar planters who sought greater control over Hawaiian politics and economics. Following her overthrow, Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898, marking the end of the independent Hawaiian Kingdom and reshaping its future.