The last emperor of the Romanov dynasty was Nicholas II. He ruled from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. Nicholas II's reign was marked by a series of challenges, including military defeats, economic turmoil, and social unrest, which culminated in the fall of the Romanov dynasty. Following his abdication, he and his family were placed under house arrest, eventually leading to their execution by Bolsheviks in July 1918. His reign and the circumstances surrounding his downfall symbolize the end of imperial rule in Russia, with significant historical implications for the country's future.