The key figure associated with the phrase "jewel of the Nile" is Cleopatra, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. This phrase reflects the romanticized view of her reign and Egypt's wealth, culture, and strategic importance during her time. Cleopatra is often depicted as a highly intelligent and politically savvy leader who engaged with influential Roman figures like Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Her legacy is intertwined with tales of love, ambition, and the cultural richness of ancient Egypt, making her a lasting icon in history and literature. This phrase captures the allure and complexity of her life and rule.