Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was the influential figure advocating for civil rights through schools in the 1950s. He became a prominent leader during the Civil Rights Movement, advocating for nonviolent protest against racial segregation and discrimination experienced by African Americans. King's efforts to integrate schools and challenge discriminatory practices were crucial in the pursuit of equal education. His involvement in pivotal events, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the March on Washington, raised awareness for civil rights issues. King's vision and leadership inspired generations to advocate for social justice and equality, making him a lasting symbol of the struggle for civil rights in America.