Deng Xiaoping was the influential Chinese leader known for his economic reforms beginning in the late 1970s. After Mao Zedong's death, Deng introduced policies that transitioned China from a strict command economy to more market-oriented reforms. These included the establishment of Special Economic Zones, opening up to foreign investment, and allowing small private enterprises. Deng's reforms led to rapid economic growth and lifted millions out of poverty, significantly modernizing China's economy. His pragmatic approach contrasted with previous ideologies, making him a pivotal figure in shaping contemporary China.