The first president of the French Fifth Republic was Charles de Gaulle, who took office on January 8, 1959. De Gaulle, a prominent military leader during World War II, played a crucial role in establishing the Fifth Republic in response to political instability and a crisis in Algeria. His leadership emphasized a strong executive branch and a focus on national independence. De Gaulle's presidency lasted until 1969 and was marked by significant reforms, including constitutional changes and efforts to modernize France. His legacy remains influential, particularly in shaping France's foreign and domestic policies.