The first female ruler of China in ancient history was Empress Wu Zetian. She rose to power during the Tang Dynasty in the 7th century and is known for her ambitious governance and effective administration. Wu Zetian implemented policies to elevate the status of women, promote talent over aristocracy, and strengthen the imperial examination system. However, her reign was also marked by political intrigue and suppression of dissent, making her a controversial yet significant figure in Chinese history.