The first female pharaoh to reign in ancient Egypt was Hatshepsut, who took power in the 15th century BCE. She ruled as regent for her stepson but later adopted the full title and dress of a male pharaoh. Hatshepsut is known for her significant building projects, including her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahari, and for establishing trade networks that enriched Egypt. Her reign is often considered one of the most prosperous periods of the New Kingdom.