The famous Scottish scientist and inventor known for his work on the telephone is Alexander Graham Bell. He made significant contributions to communication technology and is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. In 1876, Bell successfully transmitted clear speech electronically, fundamentally changing the way people communicated. Beyond the telephone, Bell also worked on various innovations related to sound and communication, influencing sectors like education for the deaf and aviation. His legacy remains impactful in the fields of science and technology.