Isaac Newton was the famous scientist renowned for his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics. His work in the late 17th century culminated in the publication of "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" in 1687, where he presented his three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. These principles explained how objects move and interact with forces, profoundly influencing both physics and the scientific revolution. Newton’s laws remain fundamental in understanding both terrestrial and celestial mechanics, showcasing his enduring impact on science and mathematics.