Peter the Great was the famous Russian ruler known for modernizing and westernizing Russia during his reign in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. He initiated numerous reforms aimed at transforming Russia into a major European power. His efforts included modernizing the military, introducing western technology, and reforming government institutions. Peter's establishment of St. Petersburg as a "window to the West" symbolized his vision for a modern Russia. He also emphasized secular education and promoted science, art, and industry, which significantly advanced Russian society and laid the foundation for future growth.