The famous Russian leader associated with the October Revolution of 1917 was Vladimir Lenin. As the leader of the Bolshevik Party, Lenin played a pivotal role in overthrowing the Provisional Government, advocating for a socialist transformation of Russia. His ideas, grounded in Marxist theory, influenced the establishment of a socialist state and the subsequent civil war that followed. Lenin's leadership and policies shaped the Soviet Union's direction for decades, solidifying his legacy in both Russian and global history as a key architect of revolutionary change.