The famous ruler known as "The Sun King" in France is Louis XIV. He reigned from 1643 to 1715, embodying the absolute monarchy and centralizing power within the French state. Louis XIV is famous for his opulent court at Versailles, which became a symbol of his reign and the heights of royal luxury. He believed in the divine right of kings, asserting that his authority came directly from God. His policies emphasized military expansion, culture, and the arts, leading to France's dominance in Europe. However, his extravagant spending and wars ultimately contributed to financial strains, setting the stage for future unrest in France.