The famous Renaissance artist who painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling is Michelangelo Buonarroti. Commissioned by Pope Julius II, the work began in 1508 and was completed in 1512. Michelangelo's artistic genius is exemplified in this monumental fresco, which covers approximately 5,000 square feet and depicts key biblical scenes, including the iconic "Creation of Adam." The ceiling's intricate details and vivid colors showcase Michelangelo's mastery of form and perspective, allowing for a deeply emotional and spiritual experience for viewers. The Sistine Chapel ceiling has since become one of the most celebrated masterpieces of Western art and a symbol of the High Renaissance.