The famous Renaissance artist known for the Sistine Chapel ceiling is Michelangelo Buonarroti. Commissioned by Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted the ceiling between 1508 and 1512, creating one of the most renowned masterpieces of Western art. The ceiling features a series of iconic scenes from the Book of Genesis, including the Creation of Adam, where God reaches out to touch Adam's hand, symbolizing divine creation and human connection. Michelangelo's work combined intricate detail, powerful figures, and dramatic expressions, showcasing his extraordinary talent and innovative techniques. The Sistine Chapel ceiling remains a testament to Renaissance art and a significant cultural landmark.