Jean-Jacques Rousseau is the famous philosopher associated with the concept of the "Social Contract." In his influential work, Rousseau proposed that individuals come together to form a collective that operates under a common set of laws and norms, promoting the general will. He emphasized the importance of the social contract as a foundation for legitimate political authority, arguing that true sovereignty rests with the people rather than rulers. This idea has significantly influenced modern political thought, shaping democratic principles and human rights discussions.