The famous painter who created the Sistine Chapel ceiling is Michelangelo Buonarroti. Commissioned by Pope Julius II, Michelangelo's work, completed between 1508 and 1512, is celebrated for its stunning artistry and complex themes, including the famous scene of the Creation of Adam. This masterpiece exemplifies the peak of Renaissance art, showcasing Michelangelo's unparalleled skill in painting and sculpting. The ceiling remains one of the most significant artistic achievements in Western history, attracting millions of visitors to the Vatican.