The famous leader of the Zulu kingdom during the Anglo-Zulu War was King Cetshwayo. He ascended the throne in 1872 and was known for his military prowess and significant resistance against British colonial forces. The Anglo-Zulu War, occurring in 1879, was precipitated by British imperial ambitions in Southern Africa. Cetshwayo's forces achieved notable victories, such as the defeat of British troops at the Battle of Isandlwana. However, despite initial successes, the Zulus were ultimately defeated, leading to the downfall of Cetshwayo's kingdom. His leadership remains a symbol of courage and resistance in African history.