Peter the Great is the famous historical figure responsible for modernizing Russia in the 18th century. Ascending the throne in 1682, he implemented extensive reforms aimed at modernizing the Russian army, government, and economy. Influenced by his travels in Western Europe, Peter introduced Western technologies and practices, reformed the Russian Orthodox Church, and established a new capital, St. Petersburg, as a "window to the West." His extensive efforts not only transformed Russia into a significant European power but also laid the groundwork for future reforms, ultimately influencing the country's trajectory well into the 19th century.