The famous Greek historian known as the "Father of History" is Herodotus, who lived in the 5th century BCE. His landmark work, "Histories," is considered one of the earliest examples of historical writing, as it explores the causes and events of the Greco-Persian Wars. Herodotus employed a method of inquiry and critical assessment of sources, aiming to provide a narrative that explains historical events through human actions and motivations. His contributions laid the foundational principles of historical research, emphasizing the importance of evidence, storytelling, and understanding the past's complexities.