Harriet Tubman was a famous female spy during the American Civil War. Though she is best known for her role as a conductor on the Underground Railroad, helping enslaved people escape to freedom, Tubman also served the Union Army as a spy and scout. Utilizing her extensive knowledge of the southern landscape and her experience in covert operations, she gathered intelligence on enemy troop movements and helped organize raids against Confederate positions, including the Combahee River raid, which freed hundreds of enslaved individuals. Tubman's contributions as a spy and leader exemplified her courage and commitment to the fight for freedom.