The famous female ruler of Egypt known for her beauty and intellect was Cleopatra VII. Reigning from 51 to 30 BCE, Cleopatra was the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. She is often remembered for her political acumen and her relationships with powerful Roman leaders, including Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, which aimed to secure Egypt's position in a rapidly changing geopolitical landscape. Cleopatra was also known for her patronage of the arts and her efforts to revitalize Egypt's economic and cultural standing. Her reign ended with her tragic death, marking the end of Hellenistic rule in Egypt.