The famous civil rights activist known for leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person, King, leading the Montgomery Improvement Association, organized a boycott of the city’s buses. This 381-day boycott aimed to challenge segregation policies in public transportation. King advocated for nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, solidifying his leadership role in the Civil Rights Movement. The boycott’s success ultimately led to a Supreme Court ruling that declared segregation on public buses unconstitutional, marking a significant victory for the movement.