Mao Zedong was the famous Chinese political leader known for his role in the Cultural Revolution, which lasted from 1966 to 1976. The Cultural Revolution aimed to reinforce communist ideology by purging capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. Mao mobilized youth through the Red Guards, encouraging them to attack perceived enemies of the revolution, including intellectuals and party officials. This period led to widespread chaos, societal upheaval, and the persecution of millions. It left a deep and lasting impact on China's political landscape and socio-cultural fabric, influencing China's path in subsequent decades.