The famous African American scientist known for his work with peanuts and sweet potatoes was George Washington Carver. Born into slavery, he became a leading agricultural scientist who promoted sustainable farming practices. Carver developed crop rotation methods that improved soil health and increased yields, helping impoverished farmers in the South. His research led to the creation of numerous products from peanuts and sweet potatoes, which provided alternative crops that reduced reliance on cotton. Carver's contributions to agriculture and his advocacy for environmental sustainability have made him a renowned figure in American history.